Employee Performance Appraisal in Health Clubs and Sport Organizations: A Review
Kaprinis Stylianos,
Kipreos George,
Vrondou Ourania,
Kakkos Vasilios
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2013
Pages:
44-57
Received:
26 October 2013
Published:
10 November 2013
Abstract: Human Resources evaluation constitutes a useful management tool which can help prosperity, rivalry and the achievements of organizational goals. The company’s ability to evaluate executive performance, using valid, reliable and objective processes to identify actual employee’s performance discrepancies to the ones desired contributes to long-term success, growth, profitability and organizational improvement. Especially, in the highly competitive health and fitness club industry, which are recorded as 133.000 fitness centers worldwide with profits of 72.7 billion dollars, an organization in order to be viable requires from the employees maximum work performance. Job performance is overall a complex meaning, from which its definition and measurement depends on various factors that should be encoded through a scientific documented effort, rather than arbitrary, spasmodic or informally. This review highlights the importance of a valid and reliable human resources assessment where as organizations prosperity competitiveness and effectiveness is increased as well as a strategic planning is developed.
Abstract: Human Resources evaluation constitutes a useful management tool which can help prosperity, rivalry and the achievements of organizational goals. The company’s ability to evaluate executive performance, using valid, reliable and objective processes to identify actual employee’s performance discrepancies to the ones desired contributes to long-term s...
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Tripple-Ironman Based on Vegan Raw Vegetable/Fruits Diet: Physiological Echocardiographic and Blood Analysis Findings
Roman Leischik,
Norman Spelsberg,
Birgit Dworrak,
Melchior Seyfarth
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2013
Pages:
58-61
Received:
3 December 2013
Published:
10 January 2014
Abstract: Endurance sport required healthy and balanced diet. This case report presents the findings of an ultra triathlete (three times Ironman with 11.4 km swimming, 540 km cycling and 126 km running in 41 hours 18 minutes) living and finished competitions based on vegan raw diet. To this end, the vegan ultra triathlete and a control group of 10 Ironman triathletes of similar age living on a mixed diet were investigated, using echocardiography and spiroergometry. In addition, blood samples were taken from the vegan athlete both in the sporting season and in the off-season. The vegan athlete showed no signs of dietary deficiencies or impaired health. In comparison with the control group, the vegan athlete showed a higher oxygen intake at the respiratory compensation point. This case demonstrates that even top-class sporting performance, like that of a three times Ironman, is possible on a vegan diet. Whether a vegan diet offers advantages or disadvantages for the performance of endurance athletes remains an open question.
Abstract: Endurance sport required healthy and balanced diet. This case report presents the findings of an ultra triathlete (three times Ironman with 11.4 km swimming, 540 km cycling and 126 km running in 41 hours 18 minutes) living and finished competitions based on vegan raw diet. To this end, the vegan ultra triathlete and a control group of 10 Ironman tr...
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